Glaucoma surgery is performed when medications or laser treatments are not sufficient to control intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. Surgical options include trabeculectomy, where a drainage hole is created in the eye, and tube shunt surgery, where a tube is implanted to help drain fluid from the eye and lower pressure.

Both procedures aim to reduce intraocular pressure, which helps prevent damage to the optic nerve and preserve vision. Other surgical options may include minimally invasive procedures like microstent implants, which create a small passageway for fluid to drain.

Glaucoma surgery is essential for patients who have difficulty controlling their eye pressure with medications, and it can help prevent further vision loss from glaucoma.