Balloon angioplasty is a procedure used to treat narrowed or blocked arteries, typically caused by atherosclerosis. A balloon catheter is inserted into the artery and inflated at the site of the blockage, widening the artery and improving blood flow.

This procedure is commonly performed to treat coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and other conditions caused by arterial blockages. Balloon angioplasty is often followed by stent placement to keep the artery open and prevent restenosis (re-narrowing).