Portal vein surgery is performed to treat conditions affecting the portal vein, which carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver. This surgery is typically needed in cases of portal vein thrombosis, tumors, or other blockages that impair normal blood flow to the liver. The procedure may involve bypassing or removing the affected portion of the portal vein or creating a new pathway for blood to flow.

Portal vein surgery is important for restoring proper blood flow to the liver, preventing further liver damage, and improving the patient's overall prognosis.